CVE-2026-44681

Summary

An unauthenticated open redirect in Authlib's OpenIDImplicitGrant and OpenIDHybridGrant authorization endpoint lets a remote attacker cause the authorization server to issue an HTTP 302 to an attacker-chosen URL by submitting an authorization request that omits the openid scope.

Details

Vulnerable code

OpenIDImplicitGrant.validate_authorization_request in authlib/oidc/core/grants/implicit.py:

def validate_authorization_request(self):
    if not is_openid_scope(self.request.payload.scope):
        raise InvalidScopeError(
            "Missing 'openid' scope",
            redirect_uri=self.request.payload.redirect_uri,  # ← raw, unvalidated
            redirect_fragment=True,
        )
    redirect_uri = super().validate_authorization_request()
    ...

OpenIDHybridGrant.validate_authorization_request in authlib/oidc/core/grants/hybrid.py shares the same pattern.

Root cause

Both methods perform the openid scope presence check before delegating to super().validate_authorization_request(), which is where AuthorizationEndpointMixin.validate_authorization_redirect_uri validates the requested redirect_uri against the client's check_redirect_uri(...). The InvalidScopeError thrown by the scope check therefore carries attacker-controlled self.request.payload.redirect_uri.

OAuth2Error.__call__ in authlib/oauth2/base.py renders any error with a non-empty redirect_uri as an HTTP 302:

def __call__(self, uri=None):
    if self.redirect_uri:
        params = self.get_body()
        loc = add_params_to_uri(self.redirect_uri, params, self.redirect_fragment)
        return 302, "", [("Location", loc)]
    return super().__call__(uri=uri)

A malformed authorization request that selects OpenIDImplicitGrant or OpenIDHybridGrant and omits the openid scope is therefore redirected to a fully attacker-chosen URL.

This is a variant of the issue fixed in commit 3be08468 ("fix: redirecting to unvalidated redirect_uri on UnsupportedResponseTypeError") that was missed in the OIDC Implicit and Hybrid grants.

Preconditions

1. The server registers OpenIDImplicitGrant or OpenIDHybridGrant (standard OIDC Implicit or Hybrid flow support).
2. The attacker's request uses a response_type that matches either grant: id_token, id_token token, code id_token, code token, or code id_token token.
3. scope does not contain openid.
4. Any redirect_uri value.

No user authentication, no consent, no valid session, no CSRF token, and — notably — no valid client_id are required. The scope check runs before any client lookup, so any client_id value (including nonexistent ones) reaches the vulnerable code path.

PoC

The following unauthenticated GET is sufficient to induce the authorization server to redirect a victim's browser to an attacker-controlled URL:

GET /oauth/authorize
    ?response_type=id_token
    &client_id=anything
    &scope=profile
    &redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fevil.example.com%2Fphish
    &state=s&nonce=n  HTTP/1.1
Host: victim-op.example

Server response:

HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://evil.example.com/phish#error=invalid_scope&error_description=Missing+%27openid%27+scope&state=s

Impact

• Open redirect from a trusted authorization server origin. Victims receiving a phishing link see the legitimate OIDC provider's domain in the URL bar at the moment they click. The authorization server itself issues the 302 to the attacker's page, lending the attacker's landing page the OP's reputation and potentially satisfying domain-allow-list controls that trust the OP.
• Phishing / credential harvesting leverage. The attacker's page can mimic the legitimate OP's consent screen or a relying-party error page to solicit credentials, MFA codes, or to continue a downstream confused-deputy attack.
• RFC violation. RFC 6749 §4.1.2.1 and RFC 9700 (OAuth 2.0 Security BCP) §4.11 both state that an authorization server MUST NOT perform redirection to a redirect_uri that has not been validated against the client's registered URIs, even in error responses. The state parameter is echoed back, giving the attacker site a stable correlator.
• No direct token/code leak. This flaw fires before any authorization decision, so no authorization codes, ID tokens, or access tokens are disclosed. The impact is limited to open-redirect phishing leverage. Combined with other issues (e.g., downstream SSO trust chains) it may contribute to account-takeover chains; on its own it is a Medium-severity open redirect.

Affected deployments

Any application using Authlib as an OIDC provider that registers OpenIDImplicitGrant and/or OpenIDHybridGrant — i.e. anyone supporting the Implicit flow or the Hybrid flow (response_type=code id_token, etc.) — is affected. Clients of an Authlib-based OP are not directly affected; this is a server-side issue.

Authorization servers that only register the plain AuthorizationCodeGrant (code flow, with or without PKCE and the OpenIDCode extension) are not affected by this specific variant: the code-flow grant validates redirect_uri before raising scope errors. If you were affected by the sibling issue fixed in 3be08468 (UnsupportedResponseTypeError), you should already be on 1.6.10 or later; this advisory is independent of that fix.

Suggested fix

The attached fix-oidc-open-redirect.patch reorders each method to delegate to its super (or call validate_code_authorization_request for Hybrid) first, and then performs the openid-scope check with the validated redirect_uri variable.

# authlib/oidc/core/grants/implicit.py
def validate_authorization_request(self):
    redirect_uri = super().validate_authorization_request()   # runs client + redirect_uri validation
    if not is_openid_scope(self.request.payload.scope):
        raise InvalidScopeError(
            "Missing 'openid' scope",
            redirect_uri=redirect_uri,                         # validated
            redirect_fragment=True,
        )
    try:
        validate_nonce(self.request, self.exists_nonce, required=True)
    except OAuth2Error as error:
        error.redirect_uri = redirect_uri
        error.redirect_fragment = True
        raise error
    return redirect_uri

An equivalent transform is applied to OpenIDHybridGrant.validate_authorization_request, invoking validate_code_authorization_request first and only then checking is_openid_scope.

Alternatively, inline a client = query_client(request.payload.client_id) + client.check_redirect_uri(request.payload.redirect_uri) guard before populating redirect_uri on the error — the pattern used in 3be08468.

The patch also adds regression tests analogous to test_unsupported_response_type_does_not_redirect from commit 3be08468, asserting rv.status_code == 400 and rv.headers.get("Location") is None for an unregistered redirect_uri with a non-openid scope.

Workarounds

No clean server-side workaround exists short of patching. Partial mitigations:

• Unregister OpenIDImplicitGrant and OpenIDHybridGrant if the Implicit and Hybrid flows are not required. (RFC 9700 deprecates the Implicit flow and discourages Hybrid flows, so this is recommended anyway.)
• Front the /authorize endpoint with a reverse proxy rule that rejects requests containing both a redirect_uri parameter and a scope that does not include openid when response_type matches the vulnerable set. This is fragile and not recommended as a primary control.

References

• RFC 6749, §4.1.2.1 — Error Response (OAuth 2.0 authorization endpoint)
• RFC 9700, §4.11 — Redirect URI validation
• OpenID Connect Core 1.0, §3.2.2.6 / §3.3.2.6 — Authentication Error Response
• Authlib commit 3be08468 — prior fix for the same class of issue in UnsupportedResponseTypeError (Authlib 1.6.10)
• Authlib source (by symbol; verified in commit 5d2e603e):
  • OpenIDImplicitGrant.validate_authorization_request — authlib/oidc/core/grants/implicit.py
  • OpenIDHybridGrant.validate_authorization_request — authlib/oidc/core/grants/hybrid.py
  • OAuth2Error.__call__ — authlib/oauth2/base.py (renders errors with redirect_uri as HTTP 302)
  • AuthorizationEndpointMixin.validate_authorization_redirect_uri — authlib/oauth2/rfc6749/grants/base.py (the validation that is bypassed)